Influences of pre‐ordered melt structures on the crystallization behavior and polymorphic composition of β‐nucleated isotactic polypropylene with different stereo‐defect distribution

As part of continuous efforts to understand the surprising synergetic effect between β‐nucleating agent and pre‐ordered structures of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in significant enhancement of β‐crystallization (Ordered Structure Effect, OSE), two β‐nucleated iPP with different uniformities of stereo‐defect distribution (WPP‐A and WPP‐B) were prepared, their crystallization behaviors with variation of melt structures were studied in detail. The results revealed that β‐phase can hardly form in WPP‐A (whose stereo‐defect distribution is less uniform) because of its strong tendency of α‐nucleation caused by its less uniform stereo‐defect distribution, while WPP‐B is more favorable for β‐crystallization; As fusion temperature decreases, similar variation trends of crystallization temperature and β‐phase proportion can be observed from WPP‐A and WPP‐B, indicating the occurrence of OSE behavior, which provides unsurpassed β‐nucleation efficiency and induces β‐crystallization even in WPP‐A which is less favorable for β‐crystallization; moreover, the upper and lower limiting temperatures of Region II of WPP‐A and WPP‐B are identical, suggesting the uniformity of stereo‐defect distribution has little influence on temperature window for OSE (denoted as Region II). To explore the physical nature of Region II, self‐nucleation behavior and equilibrium melting temperature of PP‐A and PP‐B were studied. The lower limiting temperatures of exclusive self‐nucleation domain of both PP‐A and PP‐B are identical with the lower limiting temperatures of Region II in OSE (168°C); moreover, the T_m⁰ of both PP‐A and PP‐B are close to their upper limiting temperatures of Region II in OSE behavior (189°C). The possible explanation was proposed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42632.     

Fish Oil and Olive Oil Supplementation in Late Pregnancy and Lactation Differentially Affect Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Sows and Piglets

This study was conducted to compare the effects of fish oil and olive oil supplementation in late pregnancy and during lactation on oxidative stress and inflammation in sows and their piglets. A total of 24 sows were fed a basal diet supplemented with additional corn starch (CON), fish oil (FO) or olive oil (OO). Sows fed an OO diet during late gestation had a higher piglet birth weight compared with CON‐fed and FO‐fed sows (P < 0.05). Furthermore, sows from the OO group had a higher milk fat content than sows from CON and FO groups, and a lower pre‐weaning mortality of piglets was observed in the OO group (P < 0.05). Maternal FO supplementation resulted in increased malondialdehyde concentration in sow plasma, colostrum, milk and piglet plasma than in CON and OO groups (P < 0.05). However, an increased total antioxidant capacity (T‐ACC) and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) were also observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Sows fed an OO diet had significantly decreased interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) concentrations in milk compared with CON and FO fed sows (P < 0.05). Moreover, lower plasma IL‐1β and TNF‐α levels were observed in piglets from the OO group compared with the CON group (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that an OO diet is most beneficial in late gestation and during lactation in sows. However, FO increases the susceptibility to oxidative stress in sows and piglets.     

气/汽-液相分离技术研究进展

从相分离原理的角度出发,分别介绍了惯性力相分离、离心力相分离以及毛细力相分离技术。其中,惯性力相分离技术主要介绍T型管的应用,毛细力相分离技术分别介绍了毛细管、多孔膜以及金属丝网3种主要结构。同时简要评价了各相分离技术的优缺点及发展趋势。     

木瓜蛋白酶在[Cnmim]BF4-NaH2PO4双水相体系中的分配行为

为了研究木瓜蛋白酶在[Cnmim]BF4-NaH2PO4双水相体系中的分配行为,在298.15 K条件下利用浊点法测定了[Cnmim]BF4-NaH2PO4双水相体系的双节线和液液相平衡数据,建立了木瓜蛋白酶在该体系中的三维分配模型。利用Merchuk方程、Othmer-Tobias方程和Bancroft方程分别关联了双节线数据、液液相平衡数据,拟合度分别在0.975、0.994以上,结果满意。木瓜蛋白酶分配系数的对数与该体系上相的离子液体浓度和下相的盐浓度相关度都较高,故通过Matlab建立了三者之间的分配模型,实验值和预测值之间的相对偏差均在5%以内,表明该模型能有效地预测木瓜蛋白酶在[Cnmim]BF4-NaH2PO4双水相体系中的分配行为。     

阳极双电层电容对微生物燃料电池性能的影响

采用3种活性炭粉制备具有不同电容的阳极,研究了双电层电容阳极对单室空气阴极微生物燃料电池启动、运行、性能、阳极生物膜附着的影响。结果表明:当电极表面积相近的情况下,阳极双电层电容从0.0012 F增加到22.72 F时,微生物燃料电池启动时间缩短了68.0%,电池的最大功率密度增加了16.8倍,达到546.1 m W·m-2。扫描电子显微镜的结果表明高电容的阳极表面附着的微生物量比低电容电极的高1倍。因此,微生物燃料电池性能受阳极双电层电容的影响,而与阳极表面积的相关性小。     

ZnO基柔性染料敏化太阳能电池的研究

采用化学浴沉积法制备Zn O光阳极薄膜,并将所制备光阳极膜组装成柔性染料敏化太阳能电池。主要研究了沉淀剂的种类和沉淀剂的浓度对所形成的薄膜和电池性能的影响。采用XRD和SEM分别对薄膜的物相组成和显微形貌进行了表征。采用I-V测试系统对电池的光电性能进行测试。研究结果表明:沉积温度为80℃,六次甲基四胺(HMT)的浓度为0.30 M,硝酸锌(Zn(NO3)2·6H2O)浓度为0.1 M时,制备Zn O薄膜光电性能较好,所组装的柔性染料敏化太阳能电池的开路电压为0.60V,短路电流为2.57 m A·cm-2,填充因子为0.72,效率为1.13%。     

烧成温度对低温玻化砖性能的影响

在前期研究的基础上以特白钾砂、诸暨瓷砂为主要原料,选取建宁长石、钠长石和锂瓷石为熔剂,采用压制成型法制备性能优良的低温玻化砖。考察烧成温度对玻化砖性能的影响。通过XRD和SEM测试对材料的晶相和显微结构进行了分析。研究结果表明:以建宁长石加入量4wt.%,钠长石加入量16wt.%,锂瓷石加入量11wt.%,在烧成温度为1150℃、保温时间为20 min时,玻化砖各项性能可达到:烧成收缩为7.21%、抗弯强度为65.8 MPa、吸水率为0.11%。     

基于CAN总线的状态信息检测系统设计

针对某大型机电设备信息检测系统结构复杂、可靠性差及故障排除困难等缺陷,设计基于CAN总线技术的状态信息检测系统。该系统以STM32F103C8T6芯片为核心,利用CAN总线实现了传感器的改制和检测网络的构建。给出了系统硬件电路的设计,提出了循环问答和重要信息优先权抢占相结合的调度机制,并在此基础上完成了CAN应用层协议的制定和系统软件的设计。     

PBT/CF导热复合材料的制备与研究

为了提高聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)的热导率,采用碳纤维(CF)作为导热填料,制备了PBT/CF复合材料,并研究了复合材料的热导率和力学性能等。结果表明,CF的加入能够显著提高PBT/CF复合材料的热导率,且热导率具有方向性,PBT/CF复合材料层内方向的热导率高于层间方向的热导率;当CF用量为50份时,PBT/CF复合材料的层内热导率和层间热导率分别为1.034 W/(m·K)和0.635 W/(m·K),相比于纯PBT的0.237 W/(m·K),分别提高了336%和168%;随CF用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度呈现先上升后降低的趋势,当CF用量为20份时,复合材料的拉伸强度达到最大值,为91.5 MPa,断裂伸长率逐渐降低;Lewis-Nielsen模型对PBT/CF复合材料热导率的模拟效果较好,可以预测不同CF用量时复合材料的热导率。     

气相色谱/质谱法测定猪肉中莱克多巴胺回收率低的原因分析

农业部958号公告-4-2007中给出了检测猪肉中莱克多巴胺残留量的气相色谱-质谱法,但在做加标回收实验时(向5 g样品中添加200 ng莱克多巴胺标准物质),其平均回收率仅为50%左右,回收率较低。在本实验室技术水平基础上,对影响回收率的关键步骤进行分析,找出回收率低的原因。